Bake oven



H. F. SOMMER. BAKE OVEN. APPLlcATloN rufo MAR. 22, w20. I 1 4 ,I 25H09, Patented Aug.' 15; 1922.

.5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

' l \\\z\\ \\\z\ H.. F. SOMMER.

BAKE ovEN. l vAPPLICATION FILED MAR] 22, 1920- i l ,425,709. Patented Aug. 15, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H. F. SOMMER.

BAKE OVEN. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 22. |920.

v2. r, ma w T i n sr Hanni* 'reunieron son-MER, or KAN-saserz, Ms'souni.

BAKE OVEN.

Application filed March 22, 1920. Serial No. 367,619.

T 0 aZZ whom t may concern Be it known that HENRY F. SoiviMnR, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Kansas City, count-y ofy Jackson, and

apparatus, and aims to provide an improved l oven structure with a view both of increasing the baking eliciency of the oven and also of prolonging` the life o-f the oven structure itself.

Accordingly, one of the objects in view is to devise an improved construction for the walls of the oven, whereby undue fracturing of the same under the changes in temperature will be prevented, and the heat Y j Lof the outer ywall, illustratingy the type of metal f reinforced' fabric which is inserted losses resulting from such wall fractures are likewise eliminated. To this endl provide a noveland effective means of reinforcement for the oven walls by virtue of which the walls are permitted a certain degree of expansion and contraction Awithout injury to the walls, andfto an extent which does notresult in any appreciable cracks or fissures therein. i

A further object of the invention is to provide an improvedoven construction having means for regulating or controlling the movement of the heated air about the oven chamber with a view to maintaining that part of said chamber around `its feed door sufficiently hotter than 'the remainder of the chamber for obtaining the` most uniform baking results. For this purpose I provide a set of deflecting partitions so arranged'as to retard and direct the movement of the air at the necessary points for prolonging the heating action around the feed door end of the oven. chamber, so that this end will be maintained at a higher temperaturethan would otherwise result.

vWith these general objects in view, the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating one form of construction whichhas` been d evised for embodying the proposed improvements, after which those features therein deemed to be novelwill be particularly set forth and claimed.

In the drawings- Figure 1 is a vertical sectionalview,show

ling a bake ovenstructureembodyingthe'f 'Il present features of improvement, the section being indicated by the line 1-1 of Figure, 2;

Figures resenting sections taken on the linesy 2-2, 3-3 and tf-l1, respective1y',fof Figure 1;

trating' the type. of' metal fabric used for reinforcing the inner wall of the oven and before the cement material is-applied;v and 1Figure. 8 is a similar detail of a portion at intervals between the coursesof said'wall.

j Referringnow -to the said drawings in detail, these illustrate the. improved oven lconstruction as-comprising asuitable-founda-i tion 10, upon which are,`construc'ted, of suitable brick-work or the like,l an vouter wall '.11 and anrinner wall .'12, leaving'la suitable v dead `air space 14 between them. @Nithin thebase ofthe ovenl structure 'is constructed a furnace chamber 15 having a `hre-box 16 at what maybe termed the rear endof-- the oven, said box being provided with a.y dire-gate 17 overlying an .ash-pit 18, the sa-id lire-box and furnace chamber and the flue Vpassages y19 leading therefrom being lall lined with suitable lireclay material ,20.f v

Within' the fire chamber 15 is arranged a series of pillars 21 (seev Figui-e1 4L)l supporting several arches 22 forming'the 'roof `of rthe lire or furnace chamber l(see Figure 5)'. The innerwall 12 above referred to isrein.-

forcedl by a series of horizontal I-beams 23, as Vwell as a plurality of upright I-beamsf 2li, connected by tie-rods 25, while a heavy central I-beam 26 extends longitudinally .n from front to rear between the?end,"walls of the oven above the central arch A22,.- .This

A2, 3 and 4 arel sectional planl views, on a slightly smaller'scale, and rep- Figure 5l isa vertical sectional view, the section being indicated byl the line 5-5 of 4Figure 1; p l f Figjure 6 is an enlarged sectional detail` view, taken on the line 6--6 ofv F igure 4; j `.Figure 7 is av similardetail view illus-f Specieation'of Letters Patent.` Pfgtglged Aug, 15, 1922,

forms the roof of the heated air or flue chambers 32 overlying the oven chamber and separated by a central longitudinal partition. wall 37. 'A dead air space 33 is left between the arches 22 and 27, and a filling of sand 34 is placed between the arches 27 and the floor 23 of the oven lchainber. lThe space over the arch 31 is also filled in with sand 35 and topped with a layer of tiling 36, as shown in Figures 1 and 5.

The flue passages 19 ylead into the chainbers 32 at the front ends thereof, where each chamber 32 is provided with a partition wall 38 extending diagonally rearward from the passage 19 part way across said chamber and terminating short of a second partition wall 39 which extends from the front wall of said chamber straight towards the rear kfor a short distance and thence diagonally rearward toward the outer wall of the chamber and in the vicinity of the rear end thereof, as illustrated in Figure 2. This provides a bali-le structure adapted to retard the movement of the heated air at the front end of each chamber 32, defiecting the flow of air inward across the front end of the chamber and then outward across the middle of the lchambenafter which the air-'How may return by way of the inner side of the chamber to an opening 40 communicating with aA common flue passage 41 leading to a stack 42 provided with a damper 43. 'There are two of the openings 40, one for each chamber 32, and the front end of the passage 41 is divided by a short upward extension 37 of tliepartition wall 37 (Figures 1 and 5), said openings being provided with dampers 44 having separate regula-ting rods 45 operable from the front of the oven.

Toward the rear of the oven or baking chamber 30 a steam vent passage 46 is provided through the arches 29 and 31 for the discharge of steam vapors into the flue passage 41, said passage 46 also having a side damper 47 controlled by a rod 48 from the front of the oven. At the front of the chamber 30 the same is provided with the usual feed passage 49 and swinging door 50 affording access to the chamber for'supplying the articles to be baked thereto and for removing the baked product therefrom. A suflicient number of passages 51 are also provided at various points at the front of the oven and in communication with the chambers 15 and 32 for affording access thereto for cleaning purposes, said passages of the oven, due to the diminished heat-re taining properties of the walls. For overcoming this dimculty l have introduced improved features of construction in both the inner and outer walls 11 and 12 of the present oven, by which the tendency of said walls to break and crack is to a great eX- tent eliminated. Referring to Figures 1, 5 and 6, it will be seen that at intervals in the outer wall 111 introduce layers of suitable metal fabric material 54, in the mortar between the courses of the brick-work, the essential result being accomplished by inserting the metal fabric at intervals correspendingI to about every siXth or seventh course of thev brick material.v Preferably,

l lay the fabric so that the lines of the fabric extend directly transversely and longitudinally, respectively, of the wall (see Fig-- ure 8) so as to produce a non-extensible reinforcing structure which will effectively oppose any breaking tendency in the wall. ln the ease of the inner wall 12, I apply to the outer face thereof a layer of asbestose libre cement 55 in which are embedded strips 56 of metal fabric material, each strip 56 having one portion thereof also embedded between the courses of material forming the wall 12 (see Figure 6), and the outer portion of each strip extending vertically within the cement facing 55. The inner wall 12 being subjected to higher temperatures than the outer wall 11, the lines of the fabric rstrips 56 are arranged diagonally with reference to the transverse lines of said wall 12 (see Figure 7), so as to leave ai limited opportunity for expansion, but not to an extent to permit anyl appreciable opening or break in the wall, while the character of the fibre cement facing 55 will permit little or no fracture in the outer face of the wall, Thus an inner wall structure is provided in which the danger of wasteful cracks or iissures is practically eliminated, and also further protection'against loss of vheat is afforded by the heat-insulating properties of the asbestos-libre cement facing 55, in addition to the dead air space 14 between said wall and the outer wall 11. Preferably also the feature of the reinforced :fibre-cement is carried on out through the side walls of the oven above the dead air wall 14 and over the top of the oven, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 5, the inner portions of the fabric strips 56 being embedded between the successive courses of the tiling 36.

lt will thus be apparent that l have devised an eflicient arrangement and constructionfor carrying out the desired objects of the invention. `When the oven is fired for baking purposes, the heat is conducted by Away of the flue passages 19 to each ofthe .chambers and is at once deflected toward the inner side of each chamber at the front of the oven over that part of the oven chamber which is adjacentthe feed doo'rand which ordinarily can-not `be keptv atashigh a temperature as isdesired. Fromkthe inner front corners of-thevchambers, 32the hot-air iiow is directed by the` deflecting' partitions 39 toward the middle of the chambers and to the outer sides thereof, and thence across therea-r` ends of saidijchambers to the inner sides thereof and back on the inner sides of the partitions 39 to the front ends of the chambers, where the openings ber, and the rear corners of said chamber are likewise `maintained at a higher temperature than could otherwise be secured. The objectv of this feature of the construction is of course to effect a more uniform baking operation with `reference to allthe contents of the oven chamber, for which purpose it is essential not only to distribute the heat as evenly -as possible over the rear to bebaked is subjected to the baking action for a relatively shorter time than the product' at the rear of the chamber. This'is especially true of the space around the feed door, and the present improved construc:y tion aims to keep up the temperature at this point by directing thehot-air flow from the passages 19 immediatelyover to those points overlying the middle of the front end of the oven chamber.` The dampers 44 may be regulated to control the heated air circulation in either or both of the chambers 32, and the provision of the damper 43 in the stack affords a further means to check the outlet from the flue passage 41 `and retain the heated condition of the entire upper portion of the oven structure. v

Obviously the efficiency of the improved construction is greatly enhanced by the above-described reinforced structure of both the outer andinner walis .l1 and l2, which prevents the formation of openings or fissures therein and thereby eliminates the wasteful losses due tothe escape ofthe heat through such defects in the walls.

, I/Vhile I have herein illustrated and de-v scribed what is now deemed to constitute the preferred form of embodiment of the proposed improvements, I desire. to expressly reserve the right to make all such-changes or modifications as may `fairly fall within the scope of the appended claims.

that I claim is: .Y

l. In a bake oven, a wallstructure comprising successive layers of, material in superposed relation, and layers of' reinforcing material interposed `at intervals between said terial comprising metal ,fabrichaving the dead air space.

first: layersottmateral, Said.,senforcingfimaf lines of the fabric; extending directlytra-I is-` versely and` longitudinally, Vre spec,tive;ly,4 of `the-wall.` i

2. Ina bakeoven, aAvallstructurelcomfk f prising inner and outer walls spaced apart andy leaving a dead .air` space between'them', one of said walls having a facing of! asbestos fibre cement `applied thereto within said prising inner and outer walls spaced apart and leaving a dead air space between them,

the outer wall comprising successive layers of material in superposed'relation with layf 1 ers of reinforcing metal fabric interposedat intervals between said lirstlayers of'material and having the lines of fabric extending directly transversely and longitudinally, re-

spectively, of the wall, the inner' of said wallshaving a facing ofl asbestos libre cement applied to theexterior face of the wall.

v4. Infra' bake oven, a wall structure hav-v ing a facing of asbestos 'fibre cement applied -to the exterior of the wall,fand`strips of metal fabric embeddedin saidL cement, a portiony of each of said strips lbeing also embedded in said wall. y l 5. In a bake oven, a lwall structure comperposed relation, a facing of asbestos fibre cement applied tov the. exterior of the wall,

'and stripsof metal fabric interposed between said'layers of material and having the outer and embedded in said cement.

to theexterior of the wall', and strips of exprisingsuccessive layers of material in su 7 tensibley metal fabric having a portion of each strip embedded in said cement and the remaining portion of each strip lattached to the wall. Y. 7. In a bake oven, a Vwall structure having a facing of asbestos iibrefcement applied f to the exterior of the wall, and strips ofieeinforcing metal fabric having a portionofl eachstrip embeddedin said cement andthe j remaining portion ofeach strip embedded in thewall, thelinesof fabric 'of saidfreinforc-y ing-strips extending diagonally with referl ence tothe transverselines of the wall.

8.'In a bake oven, a wall structure com-i prising successive layers of material in su-v perposedrelation, `a facing of asbestos'fibre j cement applied tothe exterior of thewall, and strips of metal fabric'interposed bev-" y' f tween said layers of material and having the outer portions of said strips bent atf right `v `angles andembedded in saidxeement, thev lines of fabr'lofof said strips extending diag- A i onallywithreference to the vtransverselines y of the wall. .Y

9. In abake oven, a wall structure having 10.01iv portions of said strips bent at rightangles 'l facingv of asbestos 'fibre Cement applied thereto, and strips of metal fabric embedded l0 in said cement, a portion of each of said v strips being embedded in said inner Wall.

In Witness whereof l hereto affix my sig.- u nature.

HENRY FREDRICK SOMMER. .i 

